DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING STRUCTURAL AND LAYOUT SCHEME OF SPACE MAIN PARTS

Abstract

Modern research tasks and requirements for the means of their implementation, namely, spacecraft, determine new trends in the development and improvement of their protection means at the stage of preparation for launch and injection into orbit, such as space main parts, giving them new functionality. They are significantly reflected in their design and layout schemes. This article examines the structural and layout schemes and provides a classification of space main parts developed by the Design Office Yuzhnoye, SpaceX, Rocket Lab and other foreign analogues, as well as their main differences, including systems, subsystems, docking schemes for the fairing flaps and materials used. On the basis of the considered advantages and disadvantages of the existing space main parts, new directions for the development of their structural and layout schemes were determined, in particular, the use of materials with high specific strength and rigidity, reusable space rockets, including their component parts – payload fairing flaps. A variant of the improvement of the component part of the rocket for space purposes, namely the space main part, is also presented, which consists in its reusability due to the refinement of the upper stage, equipping with parachute systems and locks for opening and closing the flaps of the reusable fairing, one of the improved structural and layout schemes, its advantages and disadvantages and how it works. New tasks for the use of space warheads have been identified, which consist in their concomitant use for the removal of a burial site into orbit or the return of a payload to the Earth's surface. Directions for further research are given, which consist in improving the systems for dividing the flaps of the payload fairing and structural layout schemes in general.